Crime is a Social Construct. - 1751 Words

CRIME IS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCT Crime is the product of the social structure; it is embedded in the very fibres of society. In this essay, I aim to explore different theories as to why crime exists within society and how we as a society therefore construct it. Crime is a social construct; it is always in society and is on the increase. It is inevitable. Where does it come from? It comes from legislation, from the making of laws. Functionalists see crime deviance in society as a function, in that it serves to remind us, through public condemnation of those who have broken the rules, of our shared values and norms. Furthermore, they suggest that crime is a result of structural tensions and a lack of moral regulations within society. If the†¦show more content†¦The laws against higher status crime, the White Collar crime, are therefore relatively lenient and rarely enforced, but the laws against crime which is committed by those with a lower status, are harsher and more often enforced because they are so visible and detected much more easily. The activities of White Collar crime occur on a daily basis, but there is no public outcry or moral panics about it and therefore no legislation made, whereas, street crime attracts massive law enforcement. As Jeffrey Reiman (2001) so aptly stated, The rich get richer and the poor get prison. Interactionism was quite popular from 1960s to 1970s. Max Weber and George Herbert Mead favour the Interactionist approach and suggest that crime is a social process, that crime is an interaction between the victim, the police/officials and the offender. Crime is shaped by the nature of this interaction and this selective labelling, stigmatisation, negative labelling of those without power and more vulnerable. This approach focuses upon the interaction between deviance and those who define it as such, hence the Labelling Theory. Howard F Becker, the founder of this theory, argues that society creates deviance by making rules. Rules that when broken, constitute deviance, and by labelling those particular people as deviants, they are also labelling them as outsiders. Therefore, it is not the act of the person, but rather a consequence of applying the rules byShow MoreRelatedCrime Is a Social Construct1370 Words   |  6 PagesCrime is a social construct Discuss. This composition will look at crime and its different criminological interpretations. Crime is an umbrella word which covers a diverse range of issues and is dependant upon the theoretical stand point of the writer. Although the wordings of the explanations differ, the implications are consistent (Newburn, 2007. Doherty, 2005). Mclaughlin et al (2006) seems the most relevant for the purpose. They separate crime into three key constituent parts. These are harmRead MoreCrime Is A Social Construction1083 Words   |  5 Pagesthis essay I will be discussing Christie’s (2004) viewpoint that crime is a social construction, drawing viewpoints from Henry (2001), Walklate (2007), and Cohen (1972). Firstly, it is important to address the construction of the dictionary definition of crime and then to delve further into the changing nature of crime itself, also reflecting on crime within certain contexts. This will happen by looking at the current definition of crime and cross-examining it with Christie’s theoretical perspectiveRead MoreWhat Does It Mean?1700 Words   |  7 Pagessingle biological species(homo sapiens) within a larger grouping or genus(homo) (page .173), which clearly means that race is not biological contrast but social construct also meaning that humans are socially different but biologically the same. The social construct has influenced the world in classifying people based on superiority and inferiority. Social teaches us about human society and its interpersonal relationships as members of society. An individual s race has always been a limitingRead MoreCampus Crime : The Dark Side Of The Ivory Tower1456 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last two and half decades, campus crime as a social issue has come to the forefront of public attention and is regularly reported in both print and electronic media. Specific and general legislation has also been passed in order to prevent campus crime from occurring as well as to educate those who are either in danger of victimization or have the ability to prevent victimization and assure that justice is done. However, campus crime is not a new issue in regard to its occurrence, only inRead MoreRace And Ethnicity1131 Words   |  5 Pagesidea of social construction. Furthermore, I would like to specially provide responses to discussion questions number one and two as posed in the conclusion of chapter one. Discussion question number one asks to â€Å"Explain the origin of race and its implications for race and crime.† Discussion question number two asks â€Å"Do you believe there are distinct races?† I will also provide perspective on issues surrounding the term â€Å"minorities†. Today, social scientists refer to race as a â€Å"social construct† andRead MoreSocial Learning Theory Of Crime1278 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction as a general concept, social learning theory has been applied to the many different fields of social science to explain why certain individuals develop motivation to commit (or abstain from) crime and develop the skills to commit crime through the people they associate with. Social Learning Theory (SLT) is one of the most frequently looked at theories in the criminology field. This theory was introduced by Ronald L. Akers as a reformulation of Edwin H. Sutherland s (1947) differentialRead MoreLabelling Theory in Explaining Crime and Deviance - A2 Sociology729 Words   |  3 Pagesusefulness of labelling theory in explaining crime and deviance. (21 marks) Labelling theorists are concerned with how and why certain people and actions come to be labelled as criminal or deviant, and what effects this has on those who are labelled as such. As stated in Item A, labelling theory is focused with how individuals construct society based on their interactions with each other. Becker emphasises the significance of crime being a social construct; an action only becomes criminal or deviantRead MoreHate Crime990 Words   |  4 PagesHate Crime The simplest definition of what a hate crime is, is a crime committed against a victim due to his or her perceived role in a social group. Social groups can be defined by many factors such as sexual orientation, race, disability, religion, age, gender and many other factors. Within this essay I aim to evaluate the causes of hate crime and also to assess the impact of crime on victims and the strategies used for responding to hate crime. The types of hate crime I am going to be focusingRead MoreCrime Is Defined And Recorded, And Will1415 Words   |  6 Pagesthose in power, such as the government and police. If someone breaks these rules, they are labelled deviant. This essay will look at the implications of this view in regards to how crime is defined and recorded, and will also assess the effect this has on official criminal statistics. Becker (1963: p. 9) states that, â€Å"‘social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance’, and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders†. If the labelRead MoreEssay on Theories of Crime and Criminal Activity1488 Words   |  6 PagesTheories of Crime and Criminal Activity Every theory of crime has at least 2-3 meta-theoretical levels above it. The fundamental issues are usually addressed at the approach level, and are often called the assumptions, or starting points, of a theory, although the term assumptions more strictly refers to the background or domain boundaries one can draw generalizations about. Above the approach level is the Perspective level, the largest unit of agreement within a scientific community, and

The Characteristics Of Ancient Egypt As A Civilized...

Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was a organized civilization because of the important civilization indicators they had- the seven indicators. Government is apart of the seven indicators. Government helped Ancient Egypt be well organized. The government had officials and government workers working there. Some jobs of the government was the pharaoh, the vizier, nomarks, army commander, chief treasurer, and the minister of public buildings.The more important jobs were the pharaoh, the vizier, and the nomark. The pharaoh had the most important job of all- he was the ruler of Egypt. Viziers had to follow the Egyptian law, which was to follow the law, judge fairly, and to not act willingly or headstrong. Viziers were like prime ministers, they†¦show more content†¦They operated like two different countries. They had their own religions and ways of doing things. One day they united. After that had happened Egypt became more organized. They developed a system named ‘hierarchy’. Hierarchy was a class system and each Egyptian was in the system. They had specific rights and were each in a class. There were sev en classes- the priests, the warriors, the cowherds, the swineherds, the shopkeepers, the interpreters, and the boatmen.The names were given to them from the occupations they followed. There weren’t as many slaves in Egypt. Slaves were left out. The king called them â€Å"tools that speak†. There was a large selection of jobs for the Egyptians. The jobs were carpenters, craftsmen, potters, bead markers, stonemasons, sculptors, brickmakers, mistress of the house, and merchants. Carpenters had to build many objects such as roof beams, furniture, or statues. They used tools such as saws, axes, chisels, adzes, wooden mallets, stone polishers, and bow drills. Craftsmen had to create protective amulets, tomb paintings, magical enchantments on papyrus, funeral jars, painted pottery, pottery figures, painted scenes, cartouches, hieroglyphics, ivory grave goods, protective weapons, boats, and bark. Artisans were also considered craftsmen. Potters had to produce utilitarian vessels. Bead makers had to break stones and roll them in between two other stones which shaped the beads, then the bead makers made jewelry. Stonemasons hadShow MoreRelatedHammurabi Vs Civilization1668 Words   |  7 Pagescourse of time, cultures have held many different characteristics that defined their society as civilized. The Babylonians and the ancient Hebrews are two early cultures that with the help of written law were able to become more civilized and thrive as a civilization. As society became more advanced, new aspects added on to this definition of a civilized society, but, still, there are unchanging aspects that are shown in each example of a civilized community, which is seen in Rome almost 2000 yearsRead MoreThe Decline Of The Paleolithic Age1233 Words   |  5 Pagessystems. D. The characteristics of a civilization are debated among historians. However, many agree that a civilization is a society with enough resources and state of economy to form divisions of labor and a social caste system. Others say that it also needs to have a political organization as opposed to family tribes. Civilizations first arose in the Middle East, Northwest India, Egypt, and Northern China. E. Geography has a very powerful influence on the rise of civilizations. The four initialRead MoreOf Monsters and Monks: A Comparison966 Words   |  4 PagesThe characteristics and actions of monks provide an insightful look into how human society perceived their relationship with these men of Christian faith, a common notion or view of them as monsters. Monsters can be defined as a cultural body, an expression of a culture’s anxieties, what is unknown to them, and the fears they have. Monsters usually have very distinct physical characteristics, which include unnatural strength, a considerable amount of unkempt hair, and an unusual appearance associatedRead MoreCommentary on Erez Manela’s The Wilsonian Moment 1081 Words   |  4 PagesAfrica†(8). Manela demonstrates how Woodrow Wilson’s post-war rhetoric on self-determination, a concept that firmly believes all nations should be able to determine for their futures and governance impacted several anti co lonial movements by using Egypt, India, China, and Korea as case studies. In these case studies, Manela explicitly exhibits how colonized countries received and interpreted Wilson’s rhetoric, and applied it to their local struggle for independence. These four countries actively foughtRead MoreThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pages1 The Birth of Civilization Mohenjo-Daro Figure. Scholars believe this limestone statue from about 2500 B.C.E. depicts a king or a priest from Mohenjo-Daro in the Indus valley in present-day Pakistan. Does this figure seem to emphasize the features of a particular person or the attributes of a particular role? Hear the Audio for Chapter 1 at www.myhistorylab.com CRAIMC01_xxxii-031hr2.qxp 2/17/11 3:22 PM Page xxxii EARLY HUMANS AND THEIR CULTURE page 1 WHY IS â€Å"culture† considered a definingRead MoreGreek Architecture in Egypt3971 Words   |  16 PagesCharacteristics of Greek Architecture:- INTRODUCTION:- Instead of covering nearly every bit of space with ornament, as the Egyptians did, the Greeks selected only the best places for it, and thus gave it its proper effect. The decorations, especially the sculptures, were one of the chief features of a Greek temple. Besides their temples the Greeks built many theaters which may be studied from their ruins, but of their dwelling-houses almost nothing remains to us. The Greek style is noted forRead MoreFrom Hunter Gatherers to Agricultural Societies2160 Words   |  9 PagesHow did early civilizations effectively develop and utilize early plants and vegetables to move from hunter-gatherers to agriculturists, and what were the impacts socially, politically, and technically? â€Å"Agriculture did not emerge from an untapped resource base or randomly distributed family or tribal units of Homo sapiens sapiens. It emerged as the result of efforts by highly organized ecologically canny communities composed of skilled hunter-gatherers.† In the beginning of what is considered burgeoningRead MoreThe Westward Spread of Inca and Egyptian Culture Essay2138 Words   |  9 Pagesand Egyptian Culture The second half of the twentieth century has seen many changes in theories concerning the mode of colonization of the islands of Micronesia, and the rise of the Inca Empire, with its striking similarities to Egypt. In the past, it has been suggested that Asians had worked their way through the Pacific, over a period of thousands of years. It was believed that each island group had formed independently, and that the residents, while they were of the sameRead MoreOrigin of International Law5357 Words   |  22 PagesORIGINS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW PRELUDE: Man is a social animal, in the past it has been living in caves, as the time passed man gradually became civilized and started living in communities. In past there were no laws and rules to be followed by the human being. In the long march of mankind from the cave to the computer a central role has always been played by the idea of law- the idea that order is necessary and chaos inimical to a just and stable existence. Every society has a framework ofRead MoreEssay A Historical Biography of Alexander the Great4466 Words   |  18 Pagesfather, Philip and his mother, Olympias were not a happy couple. When Philip left Olympias to marry Cleopatra, the family was split and embittered. Some think that Olympia even had a role in Philips murder. Alexander clearly owed some of his characteristics to both his parents. Like his father, he was a shrewd and practical politician. But, he also was attached to believing in oracles, cults, and omens, which he inherited from his mother, along with her volatile and emotional temperament. As a father

The Joy Luck Club ( Amy Tan ) Barrio Boy ( Ernesto Galarza ) free essay sample

Compares novels autobiographys portrayals of immigrants experiences in CA, focusing on cultural generational continuity. This study will provide a comparative analysis of two books about immigrants experience in California. Amy Tans novel, The Joy Luck Club, portrays two generations of Chinese-American women, and Ernesto Galarzas autobiography, Barrio Boy, examines the experiences of Mexican immigrants, especially those of the author as a young male who settled with his family in the barrio of Sacramento. The essence of both works is the authors intention to honor immigrants lives, both fictional and factual, and to have the reader appreciate their humanity, heritage, courage and culture. If there is one theme in both works it is the theme of cultural, generational and familial continuity and endurance in the face of clashing cultures and the forces of assimilation. Tan wants the reader to understand the profound and intimate connections between the two generations of mothers and. We will write a custom essay sample on The Joy Luck Club ( Amy Tan ) Barrio Boy ( Ernesto Galarza ) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .

Art and Honesty Expression and Religion Essay Example For Students

Art and Honesty Expression and Religion Essay Art and honesty have a relation when both subjects occur within expression and religion. Many people feel that art has no importance throughout people’s daily lives. Those that dont understand the concept and advantage of art complain and say that art has no significance. Not everyone understands that people remain surrounded by art. Also, art has an intelligence level for people that involve themselves in the field, such as, musical arts, theatrical arts, or just art itself. Grace Hwang Lynch in her article, â€Å"The Importance of Art in Child Development† on Pbs. rg, speaks about the advantage art has on children that can improve their (the children) learning skills. Brian Kisida, Jay P. Greene, and Daniel H. Bowan in their article, â€Å"Art Makes You Smart† on Nytimes. com, mentions how the three paired with an art museum, â€Å"testing† and studying students (with consent) visiting the museum and asking about their knowledge on art. Fran Smith’s article, â€Å"Why Arts Education is Crucial, and Who’s Doing It Best† on Edutopia. org speaks about how art can apply to educational benefits for students to expand their potential. Honesty holds an important quality in life. Honesty means being truthful about a person instead of starting rumours. Being honest means admitting to lying about something, no matter how stupid, like a little boy forgetting to flush the toilet when clearly, the little boy was the last one to use the bathroom. Linda and Charlie Bloom in their article â€Å"The Cost and Benefits of Emotional Honesty†, speaks about how feeling like an idiot applies to honesty: â€Å"Its a small price to pay to feel like a blundering idiot while we are learning the skills of emotional honesty. † A student who had cheated on a test and then notified the professor of cheating also signifies a sense of honesty. Honesty comes throughout all types of art and proper usage and credit should include the original creator if ideas did not come naturally. This brings up plagiarism. When a person plagiarizes, then no honesty appears in the art created by that person. When a student puts in words to an assignment that are not his or her own unique words then that student should give proper rights to the original creator. Also, expression in religion applies to honesty. Catholics have a tradition within the religion called confession which means being honest to the Father or Pope of the church, spilling sins, in a small room or box. According to Paul Wilkes, â€Å"The Art of Confession: Renewing Yourself Through the Practice of Honesty,† speaks about how in religion, honesty has high importance and an act of expression towards a good soul and a clean mind. Confession seems to contribute in the art of honesty itself. Multiple connections apply to art. Art can connect with a value such as life. Psychology and art connect by the usage of the inkblot test and how an individual’s mind perceives the inkblots. Architectural work and art connect with each other using math and the idea of an individual or multiple people to create something.

Why Sharks Are Important free essay sample

Sharks play a very important role in the ecosystem. Sharks being at the top of the food chain, dealing with marine life, keep the ecosystem on track. Some of those reasons are that they keep the food webs in balance, Tourism, and without them there would be a lost in food source for humans. To begin with sharks are essential to the different ways of living because they keep the food web in balance. Sharks will eat old or sick in a population which keeps that population healthy. Scientist say that sharks are the keystone species and without them the structure of the food web will collapse. Another reason why sharks are essential to the different ways of living is because of ecotourism. There are many people in the world who love to travel amp; most travelers love to dive amp; studies show that a single live reef shark is worth $250,000 versus one time value of $50 when caught by a fisherman. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Sharks Are Important or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are over 83 locations and 8 geographic regions with people touring to see sharks with the Greater Caribbean and North America offering more shark tour services which helps with other business for example new opening restaurants the travelers eat there and word gets around about their new and upcoming business which really helps them out in the long run. Lastly sharks are essential to the different ways of living because without them there would be a lost in food source for humans. They are being killed for their fins for shark fin soup’, a food for cultural value which is not a good thing. Humans are waiting about 9/10 of the shark just for the fins which is highly unnecessary. Also if the humans kill of the sharks eventually the litle fish that we eat, will not be able to eat them anymore Sharks are not essential to the human life for them to be eaten. In conclusion sharks are beneficial to the different ways of living. This includes keeping the marine food chain in balance, tourism for divers amp; maintaining the fish food source for humans

Ambrosia Gibboney Essays (716 words) - English Modal Verbs

Ambrosia Gibboney Essays (716 words) - English Modal Verbs Ambrosia Gibboney Freshmen seminar Meredith V icente Friday December 9, 2016 Dear Prospective Learning Strategies Student , There are some differences between the assistive programs for kids with learning disabilities at the high school level and the college level. I would know this because I have been in the high schools assistive program throughout my entire high school experience. I am also in the project assist program at Cumberland country college. The program I was in at the high school I attended helped me a lot. If I had a problem , I would talk to my case manager and she would work the problem out for me and come up with a solution. In college that is not the case. In college, you have to be a good self-advocate, if you need help you have to ask for it. This is very important because the professors and staff aren't going to be holding your hand and making sure you're doing ok in school. In college, you have a lot of freedom which can be good and bad at times. If you don't get your homework done or if you need help because your failing a class and you don't a sk, that's all on you. Being a good self-advocate and literally save your college career. Now once you have signed up for project assist. It is your job to find out what accommodations and assistive technologies they have that can help your college experience run smoothly. Some of the accommodations and assistive technologies they have are, tutoring in all subjects, writing lab, computer lab, recording devices and many more to suit your specific needs. I used tutoring because the biggest struggle I have is math. It is a requirement for me to have college level math to get into radiography. I struggled from day one of my math class and I immediately asked for help because if I failed I would have to repeat it again. Repeating a class again can get very expensive and failing a class brings down your GPA. So, I contacted my advisor and got signed up for math tutoring and now I am passing class. You are going to need some strategies to help you learn those hard to remember lectures and h . w assignments. One of the strategies I used was I took lots of notes in my math class. I w ould write down everything she wrote on the board. Since I took lots of notes I put the chapter and page number at the top of each section. Than when new sections came up I would draw a line and start on a new topic. I would use as much of the page as possible instead of using a new page for every individual topic because that would waste my paper and buying note books can get expensive. If I already knew a lot about a topic I would write down bits and pieces of the topic just in case I forgot and needed to refresh my memory. Another strategy I used was if I had to read a chapter in a book for homework I would muscle read. First, I would preview what I was reading like read the main title and the other subtopic titles. Than I would turn the titles into questions. After turning the titles into questions, I would write them down and read threw. Once I found the answers to my questions I would write them down. I would review my questions and answers until my next class. This helped me remember what I was reading. College can be fun and fulfilling but it also can be stressful and scary. All things worth doing aren't going to be easy and it's not the end of the world if things don't go the way you want them to. College isn't easy and isn't for everyone. There is nothing wrong with not going to college. Another good tip is to make friends and connections while you're here because they can help you later one in life. All in all, college is an experience worth having, you can be anything you want all you have to do is try.

Nepetalactone Cycloalkane in Catnip

Nepetalactone Cycloalkane in Catnip Catnip, Nepeta cataria, is a member of the mint or Labiatae family. This perennial herb is sometimes known as catnip, catrup, catwort, cataria, or catmint (although there are other plants that also go by these common names). Catnip is indigenous from the eastern Mediterranean region to the eastern Himalayas, but is naturalized over much of North America and is easily grown in most gardens. The generic name Nepeta is said to have been derived from the Italian town Nepete, where catnip was once cultivated. For centuries humans have grown catnip for humans, but the herb is best known for its action on cats. Nepetalactone Chemistry Nepetalactone is a terpene composed of two isoprene units, with a total of ten carbons. Its chemical structure is similar to that of the valepotriates derived from the herb valerian, which is a mild central nervous system sedative (or stimulant to some persons). Cats Domestic and many wild cats (including cougars, bobcats, lions, and lynx) respond to the nepetalactone in catnip. However, not all cats react to catnip. The behavior is inherited as an autosomal dominant gene; 10-30% of domestic cats in a population may be unresponsive to nepetalactone. Kittens will not show the behavior until they are at least 6-8 weeks old. In fact, catnip produces an avoidance response in young kittens. The catnip response usually develops by the time a kitten is 3 months old. When cats smell catnip they exhibit a range of behaviors that may include sniffing, licking and chewing the plant, head shaking, chin and cheek rubbing, head rolling, and body rubbing. This psychosexual reaction lasts for 5-15 minutes and cannot be evoked again for an hour or more after exposure. Cats that react to nepetalactone differ in their individual responses. The feline receptor for nepetalactone is the vomeronasal organ, located above the feline palate. The location of the vomeronasal organ may explain why cats do not react from eating gelatin-enclosed capsules of catnip. Nepetalactone must be inhaled for it to reach the receptors in the vomeronasal organ. In cats, the effects of nepetalactone can be moderated by several drugs acting upon the central and peripheral nervous system, and by several environmental, physiological, and psychological factors. The specific mechanism governing these behaviors has not been described. Humans Herbalists have used catnip for many centuries as a treatment for colic, headache, fever, toothache, colds, and spasms. Catnip is an excellent sleep-inducing agent (as with valerian, in certain individuals it acts as a stimulant). Both people and cats find catnip to be emetic in large doses. It exhibits antibacterial properties and may be useful as an anti-atherosclerotic agent. It is used as an adjunct in treated dysmenorrhea and is given in tincture form to aid amenorrhea. 15th century English cooks would rub catnip leaves on meats before cooking and add it to mixed green salads. Before Chinese tea became widely available, catnip tea was very popular. Cockroaches and other Insects There is scientific evidence that catnip and nepetalactone may be effective cockroach repellents. Iowa State University researchers found nepetalactone to be 100x more effective at repelling cockroaches than DEET, a common (and toxic) insect repellent. Purified nepetalactone has also been shown to kill flies. There is also evidence that nepetalactone may serve as an insect sex pheromone in Hemiptera Aphidae (aphids) and a defense substance in Orthoptera Phasmatidae (walking sticks).